Essential English Vocabulary and UK City Names Reference

Key Geographical Locations in the British Isles

Cities in the United Kingdom and Ireland

• Scotland: Inverness, Aberdeen, Glasgow, Edinburgh
• Ireland (Republic of): Dublin, Galway, Limerick, Cork
• Northern Ireland: Belfast
• Wales: Cardiff
• England: Newcastle, Leeds, York, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, Stratford-upon-Avon, Oxford, Cambridge, Gloucester, Bristol, Bath, London, Canterbury, Hastings, Brighton, Portsmouth, Southampton, Exeter, Plymouth, Liverpool

Essential Irregular Verbs and Spanish Meanings

(Base Form / Simple Past / Past Participle / Spanish Translation)

• BEAT / BEAT / BEATEN (batir)
• BITE / BIT / BITTEN (morder)
• BURN / BURNT / BURNT (quemar)
• CATCH / CAUGHT / CAUGHT (coger)
• CAN / COULD / - (poder)
• DRAW / DREW / DRAWN (dibujar)
• FIGHT / FOUGHT / FOUGHT (luchar)
• FIND / FOUND / FOUND (encontrar)
• GROW / GREW / GROWN (cultivar)
• HIDE / HID / HIDDEN (esconder)
• HIT / HIT / HIT (golpear)
• HOLD / HELD / HELD (sujetar)
• HURT / HURT / HURT (herir)
• LAY / LAID / LAID (poner mesa)
• LEAVE / LEFT / LEFT (salir)
• SELL / SOLD / SOLD (vender)
• SEND / SENT / SENT (enviar)
• SET / SET / SET (colocar)
• SHOOT / SHOT / SHOT (disparar)
• SHOW / SHOWED / SHOWN (mostrar)
• SHUT / SHUT / SHUT (cerrar puerta)
• SINK / SANK / SUNK (hundir)
• SPEND / SPENT / SPENT (gastar)
• STEAL / STOLE / STOLEN (robar)
• TAKE / TOOK / TAKEN (coger)
• TELL / TOLD / TOLD (contar/decir)

English Verb Tenses: Example Conjugations

Using the third person singular pronoun "He":

• He eats (Simple Present)
• He is eating (Present Continuous)
• He ate (Simple Past)
• He was eating (Past Continuous)
• He will eat (Simple Future)
• He would eat (Conditional)
• He is going to eat (Future Intention)

Core Vocabulary Lists

Family Members and Relationships

• Father, Mother, Son, Daughter, Children
• Grandfather, Grandmother, Grandson, Great-Grandmother
• Brother, Sister, Cousin, Uncle, Aunt, Nephew, Niece
• In-Laws: Father-in-law, Brother-in-law, Daughter-in-law
• Other: Stepbrother, Godfather, Husband, Wife

Body Parts

• Head, Hair, Ears, Forehead, Eyes, Eyelashes, Eyebrow, Nose, Mouth, Lips, Cheek, Chin, Neck, Back, Shoulder, Chest, Belly, Waist
• Arms and Hands: Arm, Elbow, Fingers, Thumb, Wrist, Hand
• Legs and Feet: Leg, Knee, Ankle, Foot/Feet, Toes, Heel, Calf
• Miscellaneous: Novel

Clothing and Accessories

• Accessories: Scarf, Gloves, Earrings, Ring, Necklace, Bracelet, Cap, Watch, Tie, Bowtie, Sunglasses, Belt, Braces
• Underwear: Tights, Socks, Underpants, Bra, Knickers
• Outerwear: Raincoat, Pullover, T-shirt, Shirt, Trousers, Dress, Suit, Waistcoat, Tracksuit, Dressing Gown, Hat, Polo Shirt, Shorts
• Footwear: Slippers, Shoes, Boots, Trainers
• Miscellaneous: Pyjamas, Boy/Girl Swimsuit, Cat

Modes of Transport

• Bike, Bus, Car, Coach, Ferry, Helicopter, Hot-Air Balloon, Lorry, Minibus, Moped, Motorbike, Plane, Ship, Taxi, Train, Tram, Underground, Van, Yacht

Stages of Life

• Baby, Toddler, Schoolchild, Teenager, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Elderly

Public Places and Buildings

• Bank, Cinema, Library, Museum, Newsagent, Pharmacy, Restaurant, Supermarket, Theatre, Art Gallery, Bowling Alley, Coffee Shop, Department Store, Ice-Rink, Internet Café, Police Station, Post Office, Shopping Centre, Bookshop