Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Study Notes

English Exam Preparation

Types of TV Programmes

• Advert: Propaganda
• Cartoon: Dibujos animados
• Chat show: Programa de entrevistas
• Cookery programme: Programa de cocina
• Current affairs programme: Programa de actualidad
• Documentary: Documental
• Drama: Drama
• Live sport: Deporte en directo
• Period drama: Drama de época
• Quiz show: Concurso
• Reality show: Reality show
• The news: Noticias
• The weather forecast: El tiempo

Nature and Farm Vocabulary

• Nature: Branch (rama), bush (arbusto), cliff (acantilado), fence (valla), field (campo), gate (verja), grass (césped), hedge (seto), hill (colina), lake (lago), leaf (hoja), mud (barro), path (camino), rocks (rocas), sticks (palos), stones (piedras), stream (arroyo), valley (valle), well (pozo), wood (bosque).
• On a farm: Barn (granero), cockerel (gallo), cow (vaca), donkey (burro), farmhouse (casa de granja), hens (gallinas), lambs (corderos), sheep (oveja), tractor (tractor).

Restaurant Vocabulary

• Things on the table: Bowl (bol), candle (vela), corkscrew (sacacorchos), cup (taza), fork (tenedor), glass (vaso), jug (jarra), knife (cuchillo), mug (taza), napkin (servilleta), oil and vinegar (aceite y vinagre), plate (plato), salt and pepper (sal y pimienta), saucer (platillo), serving dish (fuente), spoon (cuchara), tablecloth (mantel), teapot (tetera), teaspoon (cucharilla), tray (bandeja), wine glass (copa de vino).
• Actions in restaurants: Lay the table (poner la mesa), take an order (tomar nota), recommend a dish (recomendar un plato), carry a tray (llevar una bandeja), serve customers (servir a los clientes), pour the wine (servir el vino), book a table (reservar mesa), order food (pedir comida), try the wine (probar el vino), send something back (devolver un plato), ask for the bill (pedir la cuenta), leave a tip (dejar propina).

Tools and Household Items

• Tools: Brick (ladrillo), bucket (cubo), drill (taladro), hammer (martillo), ladder (escalera), nail (clavo), padlock (candado), paintbrush (brocha), piece of wood (tabla de madera), rope (cuerda), screwdriver (destornillador), screw (tornillo), spanner (llave inglesa), tap (grifo), tile (teja), wire (cables).
• Household items: Box of matches (cerillas), drawing pin (chincheta), fuse (fusible), glue (pegamento), handle (maneta), light bulb (bombilla), needle and thread (aguja e hilo), penknife (navaja), sellotape (celo), string (cuerda), tape measure (metro), torch (linterna).

Grammar: Present Perfect Simple

The Present Perfect Simple is formed using have/has + past participle.