Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar for Spanish Learners: Verbs, Tenses and Conditionals
Vocabulary List: Spacecraft, Travel and Phenomena
speed - velocidad // carry out - llevar a cabo // spacecraft - nave espacial // launch - lanzar // drawback - inconveniente // collide with - chocar con // rush - meter prisa // tiny - minúsculo // underneath - debajo de // crash into - chocar(se) contra // capable of - capaz de // witness - testigo // warning - aviso // advance notice - comunicación previa // wrap up - envolver // UFO - OVNI // accurate - preciso // voyage - viaje // far fetched - poco probable // crew - tripulación // phenomenon - fenómeno // creature - criatura // overcome - vencer // human being - humano // weird - raro // break down - averiarse // abduct - abducir // realistic - realista // keep away - no acercarse // pick up - recoger // put off - aplazar // take off - despegar, irse // call off - cancelar // catch on - entender // work out - encontrar, resolver // put on - ponerse (ropa) // use up - agotar // blow up - estallar // try out - probar // well deserved - merecido // last minute - de última hora // long awaited - muy esperado // worldwide - mundial // widespread - extendido // influential - influyente // connection - conexión // offensive - ofensivo // acceptable - aceptable // nationality - nacionalidad // peaceful - pacífico // luxurious - lujoso // improvement - mejora
Vocabulary List: People, Culture and Society
owner - propietario // gigantic - enorme // path - camino // miss - perder // ban - prohibición // refuse - negarse // surround - rodear // request - petición // proper - adecuado // stay behind - quedarse // treacherous - peligroso // come back - volver // attempt - intentar // disturbing - inquietante // ignore - ignorar // find out - descubrir // traditional costume - traje típico // roots - raíces // customary - costumbre // belief - creencia // forbidden - prohibido // misconception - idea equivocada // open minded - abierto // narrow minded - cerrado // stereotype - estereotipo // ancestor - antepasado // freedom - libertad // keep alive - mantener vivo // typical - típico // appropriate - adecuado // considerate - considerado // culture shock - choque cultural // manners - modales // attraction - atracción // responsibility - responsabilidad // spiritual - espiritual // impressive - impresionante // harmless - inofensivo // necessity - necesidad // disastrous - desastroso // laziness - pereza // factual - objetivo // effective - eficaz // destruction - destrucción // breakable - frágil // management - control // significance - importancia // frustrating - frustrante // ownership - propiedad
Verb Tenses
Present perfect simple: have/has + past participle (regular: verb + -ed; irregular: see list). Action finished in a period of time that includes the present.
Present perfect continuous: have/has been + verb -ing. Action finished in a period of time that includes the present (duration of the action).
Past perfect simple: had + past participle. Actions finished before other past actions.
Past perfect continuous: had been + verb -ing. Actions finished before other past actions (duration of the action).
Future continuous: will/won't + verb -ing. Predictions, promises, opinions.
Future perfect: will have + past participle.
Be going to: obvious predictions and future intentions.
Present continuous: to be + verb -ing. Future plans.
Present simple: normal use and third person singular (-s).
Conditionals
Zero conditional: present simple in both clauses (logical results).
First conditional: present simple + will (possible situations).
Second conditional: past simple + would + verb (imaginary or hypothetical situations).
Third conditional: past perfect + would have + past participle (hypothetical situations in the past).
IF and UNLESS