Essential English Grammar and Hotel Vocabulary Reference

English Grammar Essentials

Verb Tenses

• Present Simple: He, she, it + s. (e.g., "I don't play...", "Do you play...?")
• Present Continuous: I am playing / You aren't playing / Is he playing?
• Past Simple: Uses "didn't" and -ed or 2nd column irregular verbs.
• Past Continuous: I was eating / We weren't eating.
• Present Perfect: I have/has + 3rd column or -ed. (e.g., "She has walked", "Have you walked?")
• Future Forms: "Will" (will/won't) and "Going to" (e.g., "I'm going to eat", "She is going to eat", "Am I going to eat?")

Adverbs and Quantifiers

• Yet: Used for "todavía" or "ya", always at the end of the sentence.
• Already: Used for "ya" (always in affirmative sentences).
• Ever: Used for "alguna vez".
• How much / Much: Used for uncountable nouns.
• How many / Many: Used for countable nouns.
• A lot of: Used for money, sugar, paper, etc.
• Some: Used in interrogative sentences when offering something.

Modals and Existentials

• There was / There were: Singular and plural forms of existence.
• Can: Poder.
• Could: Podía.
• Should: Deber (advice).
• Must: Deber (obligation).
• Have to: Tener que.

Comparisons

• Superlatives (The most): Short adjectives: adj + est (the tallest). Long adjectives: the most + adj (the most expensive).
• Comparatives (More... than): Short adjectives (< 2 syllables): adj + er + than (taller than). Long adjectives (> 2 syllables): more + adj + than (more expensive than).
• Inferiority: The least + adj (el menos); less + adj + than (menos... que).
• Irregulars: Good-better-the best; Bad-worse-the worst; Far-further-the furthest.

Hotel Vocabulary

Staff and Services

• Business centre: Centro de negocios
• Fitness centre: Gimnasio
• Gift shop: Tienda de regalos
• Laundry service: Servicio de lavandería
• Lounge: Sala de estar
• Room service: Servicio de habitaciones
• Bellhop: Botones
• Guest: Huésped
• Housekeeper: Señora de la limpieza
• Lifeguard: Socorrista
• Masseur: Masajista
• Shop assistant: Dependiente

Room Types and Rates

• Executive suite: Habitación ejecutiva
• Extra charge: Cargas extra
• Free of charge: Libre de cargos
• Full board: Pensión completa
• Half board: Media pensión
• Location: Localización
• Luxury suite: Habitación de lujo
• Standard room: Habitación estándar
• Vacancies: Habitaciones libres
• Balcony: Balcón
• Check-in/out time: Hora de entrada/salida
• Rates: Tarifas
• Taxes: Tasas
• Single/Double occupancy: Habitación individual/doble
• Non-smoking: No fumar
• High/Low season: Temporada alta/baja
• Cancellation fee: Tasa de cancelación

Amenities and Items

• Bath/Shower: Bañera/Ducha
• Hairdryer: Secador
• Shampoo/Conditioner: Champú/Acondicionador
• Soap/Towel: Jabón/Toalla
• Armchair/Blanket: Sillón/Manta
• Coat hanger/Iron: Percha/Plancha
• Kettle/Pillow/Sheet: Hervidor/Almohada/Sábana
• Safe/En-suite: Caja fuerte/Privado
• Shaver/Toothbrush/Toothpaste: Máquina de afeitar/Cepillo/Pasta de dientes
• Sea view: Vistas al mar
• Ice machine: Máquina de hielo
• Laundry bag: Bolsa de lavandería
• Dining room: Comedor
• Bed and breakfast: Cama y desayuno
• Body lotion: Loción corporal