Essential Biomolecules and Human Tissue Functions

Essential Biological Molecules

Carbohydrates and Energy

Carbohydrates are our greatest source of energy. Some have structural functions and backup functions; carbohydrates are also called hydrates of carbon.

Lipids and Functional Roles

Lipids are substances with a unique chemical composition. These substances perform multiple functions, both energetic and functional.

Proteins and Amino Acids

Proteins are made up of amino acids; there are 20 types that combine to form proteins. Proteins perform many functions in our body, such as:

• Structural function
• Hormonal regulation (regulating blood sugar levels)
• Transport (carrying O2 in the blood)
• Defense
• Contractile proteins
• Enzymes: Involved in all chemical reactions in the body.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

Nucleic acids are macromolecules formed by the union of other molecules. Nucleic acids contain the instructions for the body's proper functioning, specifically RNA and DNA.

Classification of Human Tissues

Epithelial Tissue Functions

Epithelial tissue covers the internal and external surfaces of the human body. There are two types:

• Lining epithelia: These cover the outside of the body, such as the skin.
• Glandular epithelia: In some cases, cells undergo changes and are grouped to form glands that produce and secrete substances.

Muscle Tissue Varieties

Muscle tissues are formed by muscle fibers. There are various types:

• Smooth muscle tissue: Responsible for the involuntary movement of internal organs.
• Striated skeletal muscle tissue: Performs voluntary movements of the body.
• Striated cardiac muscle: Exclusive to the heart.

Nervous Tissue Structure

Nervous tissue consists of neurons and glial cells, which are responsible for nurturing and protecting the neurons.

Connective Tissue Types

Connective tissue unites, supports, and protects other tissues. Various types include:

• Abundant connective tissue: Found throughout the body to support epithelial tissue.
• Adipose tissue: Made up of cells called adipocytes; its function is to store lipids and serve as a buffer against impacts.
• Cartilaginous tissue: Formed by cells called chondrocytes, it provides support and forms cartilage, tendons, and intervertebral discs.
• Bone tissue: Composed of an intercellular matrix containing calcium phosphate, which is necessary for support and protection.
• Blood tissue: Formed by plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells; it carries oxygen, nutrients, and water.