English Vocabulary and Grammar: Reported Speech & Connectors
English Vocabulary and Expressions
Actions & Emotions: clap-aplaudir, cheer-animar, sing along-cantar junts, move to tears-conmoure a algu, live by-interpretacio en directe.
Adjectives: weird-raro, huge-enorme, first-rate-bo, mainstream-normal, devoted-dedicar, profitable-rendible.
Nouns: musicians-musics, stage-escenari, tribute band-grup d'homenatge, costumes-vestimenta, lighting-iluminacio.
Phrases: mimic music-imitar, clown to-fins a, all in all-en general, currently-actualment, look down on-menysprear, reward-gratificant, appreciature-considerat, wreck-arruinar, witness-presenciar, can afford to-poder, permetre, front row- primera fila, going broke-arruinarse, chances are-posibilitats, might as well-podria tambe, moved to tear-emocionado, named after-anomenar despres de, front-row seats-sentat a 1era fila, go broke-arruinarse, have a go(try)-intentar, on the go(busy and active)-en moviment, go broke(deteriorated)-arruinarse, go mad(lost her mind)-tornarse boig, go bald(losing all his hair)-tornarse calb, go from bad to worse-anar per mal cami.
English Verb Tenses in Reported Speech
| Tense | Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | we eat healthy food | she said that they ate healthy food |
| Past Simple | we ate healthy food | she said that they had eaten healthy |
| Future Simple | we will eat | she said that they would eat |
| Present Continuous | we are eating | she said that they were eating |
| Past Continuous | we were eating healthy food | she said that they had been eating |
| Present Perfect Simple | we have eaten | she said that they had eaten |
| Present Perfect Continuous | we have been eating | she said that they had been eating |
| Past Perfect Simple | we had eaten | she said that they had eaten |
| Past Perfect Continuous | we had been eating | she said that they had been eating healthy food |
Reported Questions and Commands
Questions:
- "Can you help me?" she asked me - She asked me if I could help her.
- "Did you travel by plane?" he asked us - He asked us if we had travelled by plane.
- "Will you marry me?" he asked her - He asked her if she would marry him.
- "Do you still play football?" I asked him - I asked him if he still played football.
Commands:
- "Pay more attention to me!" - She told him to pay more attention to her.
- "Don't make any noise." - I told her not to make any noise.
Direct and Reported Speech Examples
R-D: They said that they wanted to get married the following May - "We want to get married next May," they said.
D-R: He told me that he could repair it that day if I liked - "I can repair it today if you like," he told me.
Questions:
- "How do you write your names?" she asked them - She asked them how they wrote their names.
- "How far is it?" they asked - They asked how far it was.
- "What is the capital of France?" he asked John - He asked John what the capital of France was.
Writing Connectors and Expressions
Redaction:
- Comparing: both pictures show... the pictures are alike because... picture A shows.., while picture B shows... in picture a..., but in picture b
- Expressing: personally, I prefer
Connectors:
- Addition: moreover, besides, in addition, as well as
- Contrast: but, however, nevertheless, although, in spite of, while, whereas
Other Expressions: in conclusion, to sum up, in short, in my opinion, I believe that... PERFECT-shouldn't have been
Paragraph Structures:
- For and against (4 paragraphs: intro, arguments for, arguments against, conclusion)
- Story narrative (opening, who, where, ending, past perfect, extreme adjectives)
- Opinion (3 paragraphs: intro, arguments, to sum up)