English Language Essentials: Geography, Numbers, and Verbs

Geography of the British Isles and United Kingdom

Map of the British Isles, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom (UK):

• England: London, Liverpool, Manchester, Oxford, Cambridge.
• Scotland: Edinburgh, Glasgow.
• Wales: Cardiff.
• Northern Ireland: Belfast.
• Republic of Ireland: Dublin.

Writing Cardinal Numbers in English

• 123: One hundred and twenty-three
• 1,543: One thousand five hundred and forty-three
• 10,876: Ten thousand eight hundred and seventy-six
• 346,098: Three hundred and forty-six thousand ninety-eight
• 9,986,345: Nine million nine hundred and eighty-six thousand three hundred and forty-five
• 256: Two hundred and fifty-six
• 9,876: Nine thousand eight hundred and seventy-six
• 98,065: Ninety-eight thousand sixty-five
• 976,865: Nine hundred and seventy-six thousand eight hundred and sixty-five
• 3,578,098: Three million five hundred and seventy-eight thousand ninety-eight
• 4,987,342: Four million nine hundred and eighty-seven thousand three hundred and forty-two
• 321,987: Three hundred and twenty-one thousand nine hundred and eighty-seven
• 76,045: Seventy-six thousand forty-five
• 5,980: Five thousand nine hundred and eighty
• 345: Three hundred and forty-five
• 56: Fifty-six
• 52: Fifty-two
• 786: Seven hundred and eighty-six
• 4,789: Four thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine
• 67,319: Sixty-seven thousand three hundred and nineteen

Common Irregular Verbs with Spanish Translations

• Be / Was, Were / Been: ser / estar
• Become / Became / Become: llegar a ser
• Begin / Began / Begun: empezar
• Bring / Brought / Brought: traer
• Buy / Bought / Bought: comprar
• Choose / Chose / Chosen: elegir
• Come / Came / Come: venir
• Do / Did / Done: hacer
• Drink / Drank / Drunk: beber
• Drive / Drove / Driven: conducir
• Eat / Ate / Eaten: comer
• Fall / Fell / Fallen: fallar
• Feel / Felt / Felt: sentir
• Find / Found / Found: encontrar
• Fly / Flew / Flown: volar
• Forget / Forgot / Forgotten: olvidar
• Get / Got / Got: obtener
• Give / Gave / Given: dar
• Go / Went / Gone: ir
• Have / Had / Had: tener
• Hear / Heard / Heard: oír
• Keep / Kept / Kept: guardar / conservar
• Know / Knew / Known: saber / conocer
• Leave / Left / Left: dejar
• Lend / Lent / Lent: dejar prestado
• Let / Let / Let: dejar / permitir
• Lose / Lost / Lost: perder
• Make / Made / Made: hacer
• Meet / Met / Met: encontrar
• Pay / Paid / Paid: pagar
• Put / Put / Put: poner
• Read / Read / Read: leer (pronounced /red/ in past forms)
• Run / Ran / Run: correr
• Say / Said / Said: decir

Telling Time: AM and PM Formats

• 24:00: It’s twelve o’clock AM (It’s midnight).
• 12:00: It’s twelve o’clock PM (It’s midday / noon).
• 13:15: It’s a quarter past one PM.
• 13:30: It’s half past one PM.
• 13:45: It’s a quarter to two PM.
• 14:05: It’s five (minutes) past two PM.
• 14:35: It’s twenty-five (minutes) to three PM.
• 1:15: It’s a quarter past one AM.
• 1:30: It’s half past one AM.
• 1:45: It’s a quarter to two AM.
• 2:37: It’s twenty-three to three AM.
• 3:42: It’s eighteen to four AM.
• 4:56: It’s four to five AM.
• 5:32: It’s twenty-eight to six AM.
• 6:07: It’s seven past six AM.
• 7:14: It’s two-fourteen AM.
• 8:20: It’s twenty past eight AM.
• 9:13: It’s thirteen past nine AM.
• 10:32: It’s twenty-eight to eleven AM.
• 11:59: It’s one minute to twelve AM.
• 12:00: It's twelve o’clock PM.
• 13:01: It’s one past one PM.
• 14:13: It’s thirteen past two PM.
• 15:17: It’s seventeen past three PM.
• 16:23: It’s twenty-three past four PM.