English Grammar and Vocabulary Essentials
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Reflexive Pronouns
- I = me = myself (e.g., I bought myself a new shirt)
- You = you = yourself
- He = him = himself
- She = her = herself (e.g., She makes all her clothes herself)
- It = it = itself
- We = us = ourselves
- You = you = yourselves
- They = them = themselves
Each other: Used when the action is reciprocal (e.g., Tom and Sue were talking to each other / Tom talks to Sue and Sue talks to Tom).
Vocabulary: Clothes and Commerce
- Baggy jeans: pantalones anchos
- A hooded sweatshirt: polerón con capucha
- A suit and tie: traje y corbata
- A miniskirt: minifalda
- A top hat: sombrero de copa
- Underwear: ropa interior
- Trousers: pantalones de tela
- Wardrobe: guardarropa
- Crop: cultivo
- Denim: mezclilla
- Cheap: barato
- Throw away: desperdiciar
| Noun | Verb |
|---|---|
| Grow: agricultura | Grow |
| Producer: productor | Produce |
| Worker: trabajador | Work |
| Manufacturer: fabricante | Manufacture |
| Importer: importador | Import |
| Exporter: exportador | Export |
| Shopper: comprador | Shop |
| Designer: diseñador | Design |
| Supplier: proveedor | Supply |
English Prefixes
Disrespectful, disorganized, unfair, uncommon, illegible, illegal, irregular, immoral, irresponsible, impossible, indecent, insensitive.
Passive Voice Structures
- Present Simple: Active: Someone repairs the machine / Passive: The machine is repaired.
- Past Simple: Active: Someone took my camera / Passive: My camera was taken.
- Present Perfect: Active: She has packed the books / Passive: The books have been packed.
- Past Perfect: Active: Bob had paid the bill / Passive: The bill had been paid.
- Present Continuous: Active: They are mending the car / Passive: The car is being mended.
- Past Continuous: Active: They were building it / Passive: It was being built.
- Modals (will, can, must): Active: We will finish the job / Passive: The job will be finished. Active: We must do the work / Passive: The work must be done.
General Vocabulary
- Bleed: sangrar
- Blood suckers: chupasangre
- Feed: alimentar
- Lay: poner huevos
- Hatch: eclosionar
- Likely: probabilidad
- Make-up: maquillaje
- Jewellery: joyería
- Piercing: perforación
- Necklace: collar
- Chain: cadena
- Nail varnish: esmalte
- Moustache: bigote
- Beard: barba
- Tattoo: tatuaje
- Hair dye: tintura de pelo
- Ring: anillo
- Lipstick: lápiz labial
- Dreadlocks: rastas
- Sideburns: patillas