English Grammar Essentials: Rules and Vocabulary
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Some and Any (Algún/Ningún)
Some: Used in affirmative sentences.
Any: Used in negative and interrogative sentences.
Present Simple Tense
- Affirmative:
- I, You, We, They: Use the infinitive form.
- He, She, It: Add -s to the verb.
- Negative:
- I, You, We, They: Use do not / don’t.
- He, She, It: Use does not / doesn’t.
Adverbs of Frequency
Position: Before the main verb.
- Always: Siempre
- Almost always: Casi siempre
- Usually: Usualmente
- Often: A menudo
- Sometimes: Algunas veces
- Almost never: Casi nunca
- Hardly ever: Casi nunca
- Never: Nunca
Frequency Expressions
Position: At the end of the sentence.
- Once, twice, three times: Una, dos, tres veces (a day/week/month/year).
- Every day: Todos los días.
- On weekends: Fin de semana.
- On Saturday: El sábado.
- On weekdays: Días laborales.
WH Question Words
- What: Qué
- How: Cómo
- When: Cuándo
- Which: Cuál
- Where: Dónde
- What kind of: Qué tipo de
- What time: A qué hora
- How often: Con qué frecuencia
- Who: Quién
Prepositions of Place
- On: En
- Between: Entre
- On the corner of: En la esquina de
- In: En / En el interior de
- Next to: Al lado de
- Behind: Detrás de
- Across from: Al frente de
- Over: Sobre
- Under: Debajo de
- In front of: En frente de
Giving Directions
- Walk down / Go down: Baje por
- Walk up / Go up: Suba por
- Turn or take a left on: Doble a la izquierda
- Turn or take a right on: Doble a la derecha
- On the left: A la izquierda
- On the right: A la derecha
- Walk... block(s): Camine... cuadra(s)
There Is and There Are
- There is / There is no (There isn’t a): Singular (Hay).
- There are / There are no (There aren’t any): Plural (Hay).
Present Continuous Tense
Add -ing to the verb to indicate an action in progress (e.g., cooking: cocinando).