English Grammar and Crime Vocabulary Review
Vocabulary: Crime, Actions, and Descriptions
Crime and Legal Terms
- Arson:
- Incendio provocado
- Burglary:
- Robo en casa (allanamiento)
- Drug Dealing:
- Tráfico de drogas
- Hacking:
- Piratear (informático)
- Joyriding:
- Robo de vehículo (uso no autorizado)
- Murder:
- Asesinato
- Shoplifting:
- Robo en tienda
- Speeding:
- Exceso de velocidad
- Theft:
- Robo
- Vandalism:
- Gamberrismo (vandalismo)
General Vocabulary
- Scores:
- Notas (puntuaciones)
- Head Teacher:
- Directora/Director
- Knocked:
- Llamó (a la puerta)
- Cheat:
- Copiarse (en un examen)
- Hoping:
- Esperar
- Charged:
- Acusar
- Guilty:
- Culpable
- Outlaw:
- Bandido
- Punishment:
- Castigo
- Gang:
- Banda
- Tray:
- Bandeja/Carrito
- Carrying:
- Llevar
- Hiding:
- Esconderse
- Bush:
- Matorral/Monte
- Killed:
- Mató
- Reward:
- Recompensa
- Bullets:
- Balas/Disparos
- Reached:
- Alcanzó
- Shining:
- Brillaba
- Brightly:
- Intensamente
- Stall:
- Puesto (de venta)
- Greedily:
- Golosamente
- Souvenirs:
- Recuerdos
Past Continuous Tense Conjugation
The Past Continuous tense is formed using the past tense of to be (was/were) and the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
| Subject | Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | was watching | wasn't watching | Was I watching? |
| You | were watching | weren't watching | Were you watching? |
| He/She/It | was watching | wasn't watching | Was he watching? |
| We | were watching | weren't watching | Were we watching? |
Adverbs: Formation Rules
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, often indicating manner, time, place, or degree.
- General Rule: Adverbs can be formed by adding -ly to the adjective (e.g., quick → quickly).
- Adjectives Ending in -y: Change the -y to -ily (e.g., happy → happily).
- Irregular Adverbs: Some words function as both adjective and adverb, or have irregular forms. These include: early, fast, hard, well.
Forming Adjectives from Nouns
We can form adjectives by adding specific suffixes to nouns:
- Common suffixes include: -al, -ful, -ous, -y.
- Note that spelling rules may change when adding the suffix (e.g., sun → sunny; beauty → beautiful).
Case Study Summaries
The School Hacker: Dan Sinclair
Kevin Lehman, a maths teacher at Greenwood School, noticed something odd while marking his students' papers. Dan Sinclair, who usually had poor scores, suddenly had perfect scores. The teacher spoke with the head teacher. They then spoke with Dan, but he offered no explanation. Consequently, the head teacher called the police. Dan confessed that he had been hacking the scores, and he faced up to 40 years in prison.
Ned Kelly: Australia's Famous Outlaw
Ned Kelly is Australia's most famous outlaw. From the age of fifteen, Ned was constantly in trouble. Ned was a member of a gang, called the Ned Kelly Gang, and he and his members were hiding in the bush. The police offered a reward of £2,000 for Ned's capture. The gang began robbing banks and attacking police stations. In 1880, they planned to attack a train full of police officers. The plan failed, and Ned died when he was 25 years old.