Direct and Reported Speech Transformations
Direct and Reported Speech
Direct speech
Reported Speech
NOW
THEN
LAST (year, month, week...)
THE (year, month , week...) BEFORE
THE PREVIOUS (year, month, week...)
YESTERDAY
THE DAY BEFORE
THE PREVIOUS DAY
TOMORROW
THE NEXT DAY
THE FOLLOWING DAY
NEXT (week, month, year...)
THE (week, month, year...) AFTER
THE FOLLOWING (week, month, year...)
THIS
THAT
THAT
THAT
THESE
THOSE
THOSE
THOSE
HERE
THERE
THERE
THERE
The Zero Conditional:
(if + present simple, ... present simple)
If you heat water to 100%, it boils.
The First Conditional:
(if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)
If it rains tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema.
The Second Conditional:
(if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
The Third Conditional
(if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle)
If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.
| SIMPLE PRESENT | SIMPLE PAST |
Cindy asked: "Do you like watching TV?" | Cindy asked Giles if he liked watching TV |
| PRESENT BE-ING | PAST BE-ING |
Frank declared: " I am thinking about moving" | Frank declared he was thinking about moving |
| PAST BE-ING | PAST PERFECT BE-ING |
He told them: "I wasn't expecting your visit" | He told them he hadn't been expecting their visit |
| PRESENT PERFECT | PAST PERFECT |
She said: " I have just seen an old friend of mine" | She said she had just seen an old friend of hers. |
| PRESENT PERFECT BE-ING | PAST PERFECT BE-ING |
He asked: "Paul, how long have you been studying English?" | He asked Paul how long he had been studying English |
| PAST PERFECT | PAST PERFECT |
They said: "If we had arrived two minutes later, there would have been no cake left" | They said that if they had arrived two minutes later, there would have been no cake left. |
| PAST PERFECT BE-ING | PAST PERFECT BE-ING |
He declared: " You had been telling me you wanted to see her" | He declared they had been telling him they wanted to see her. |
| FUTURE (WILL) | CONDITIONAL (WOULD) |
I asked: " Where will you spend your holiday ?" | I asked where they would spend their holiday. |
| WILL + BE-ING | WOULD + BE-ING |
Anna declared:" I will be announcing my engagement next month" | Anna declared she would be announcing her engagement the following month |
| WOULD | WOULD |
Tony said: "I would like something to eat. I wouldn't mind a drink either." | Tony said he would like something to drink and wouldn't mind a drink either. |