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THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
Johan Hessen
The Essence of Philosophy
Philosophy is an attempt of the human spirit to reach a conception of the universe through self-reflection on their roles theoretical and practical value.
The position of the Theory of Knowledge in the Philosophical System
A philosophy understood as a reflection on the theoretical behavior we would call science. The philosophy is, then, theory of scientific knowledge or theory of science.
As a reflection on the practical behavior (values), making sense of value theory.
Third, philosophy is a theory of the conception of the universe.
The conception of the universe is divided into:
• Metaphysics (of nature and metaphysics of the spirit).
• Theory of the Universe (God, freedom and immortality).
The theory of values is divided into:
• Ethics. • Aesthetics. • Philosophy of Religion.
The theory of science is divided into:
• Formal (logical). • Material (conocmimiento theory).
Therefore, you can define epistemology as the theory of real thought, unlike the logic of thought would be the correct theory.
General Theory of Knowledge Research
Phenomenological
In the phenomenon of knowledge face to face and object of consciousness: thesubject and object. Therefore, knowledge is defined as a determination of the subject by the object.
A knowledge is true if your content matches the object listed.
Knowledge has three main elements: the subject, image and object. Viewed from the side of the subject, the phenomenon of knowledge about the psychological sphere, the image with the logic and the object ontology.
Because none of these disciplines can fully solve the problem of knowledge is founded a new discipline called epistemology.
The five main problems of the theory of knowledge are:
1.La possibility of human knowledge can really grasp the object the subject?
2.The origin of knowledge "is the reason or experience the source of human knowledge?
3.La essence of human knowledge "is the object determines the subject, or vice versa?
4.The forms of human knowledge is "knowledge can be rational or intuitive?
5.The standard of truth how do we know that our knowledge is true?
1.La Possibility of Knowledge
1. The Dogmatism: knowledge is not a problem, the objects are taken directly (Presocratics).
2. The Skepticism: knowledge is not possible, the subject can not grasp the object. The method of systematic doubt of Descartes is a methodical skepticism. There is also skepticismmitigated when it refuses the certainty and the probability is accepted.
3. Subjectivism and relativism: one believes that something can be true for one person but not for others and the second thinks that knowledge is relative to cultural context (Protagoras, Spengler).