Classification of Human Diseases and Organ Transplantation Needs

Classification of Diseases

Traumatic Diseases

Caused by physical injury, such as car accidents, domestic incidents, sporting injuries, or workplace accidents.

• Examples: Bone fractures.

Environmental Diseases

Caused by exposure to ambient factors (cold, heat, radiation).

• Examples: Burns.

Toxic Diseases

Resulting from exposure to environmental toxins or heavy metals.

• Examples: Intoxication.

Metabolic or Nutritional Diseases

Caused by the lack or deficiency of certain nutrients, or resulting from injuries, malformations, or disuse of the body.

• Examples: Diabetes, congenital hypothyroidism, gout.

Degenerative Diseases

Involving anatomical and functional alteration of the tissues within an organ or system.

• Examples: Osteoarthritis.

Genetic Diseases

Caused by genes that affect DNA structure or function.

• Examples: Cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU).

Neoplastic Diseases (Cancer)

Characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue.

• Examples: Bone cancer, leukemia.

Autoimmune Diseases

Conditions where the affected person's immune system mistakenly attacks the tissues of their own body.

• Examples: Celiac disease, Type I diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis.

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases

Caused by transmissible infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and prions. Parasitic diseases involve protozoa and worms.

• Examples: Influenza, malaria, hepatitis, cholera, dengue, Legionellosis, leprosy, Chagas disease, plague, AIDS.

Mental Health Disorders

Affecting the emotional behavior of an individual, often related to organic brain lesions, psychosis, dementia, or phobias.

• Examples: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia.

Organ Donation and Transplantation Needs

Heart

Function: Pumps blood throughout the body.

Transplant Indication: Severe heart failure unresponsive to medical therapy.

Lung

Function: Responsible for respiration (breathing).

Transplant Indication: Pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, or respiratory failure unresponsive to medical treatment.

Liver

Function: Regulates energy, produces proteins, and eliminates toxins from the blood.

Transplant Indication: Cirrhosis, severe viral infections (Hepatitis A, B, or C), or toxic liver damage caused by harmful substances.

Pancreas

Function: Secretes enzymes for digestion and insulin to regulate blood glucose.

Transplant Indication: Severe diabetes unresponsive to other treatments.

Kidney

Function: Removes waste products from the blood and produces important hormones.

Transplant Indication: Chronic renal failure.

Skin

Function: Protects the body from the external environment.

Transplant Indication: Severe burns.

Cornea

Function: Allows light input to the eye.

Transplant Indication: Blindness (due to corneal damage).

Bones

Function: Supports the body, protects organs, and allows movement.

Transplant Indication: Facial reconstruction, orthopedic procedures, and treatment of birth defects.

Bone Marrow

Function: Produces red blood cells (hematocrit) and white blood cells (leukocytes).

Transplant Indication: Leukemia or other diseases affecting the blood system.