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Business Structures: Corporations, Laboral and Cooperatives

Philosophy and ethics3.12 KB

1. Public Limited Company (Sociedad Anónima)

Capital is divided into shares that may be sold.

1.1 Features

  • Liability: Limited
  • Minimum Capital: €60,101
  • Taxation: Corporate Tax
  • Naming: Must include 'SA'

1.2 Partner Rights

  • Influence on decision-making
  • Profit sharing
  • Preferential subscription right (DPS)

1.3 Governing Bodies

  • Shareholders Meeting: Composed of all members; decisions are taken by majority.
  • Management Council: Elected board of shareholders to represent and manage the entity.

2. Labor Society (Sociedad Laboral)

Ownership belongs primarily to staff working full-time with permanent contracts.

2.1 Features

  • Liability: Limited
  • Minimum Capital: SAL: €60,101; SLL: €3,005.06
  • Taxation: Corporate Tax
  • Social Security: General regime

2.2 Membership Types

  • Worker-Members: Indefinite, full-time contract.
  • Non-Member Workers: No capital contribution.
  • Employees: Without shares, working in the entity.

2.3 Financial Reserves

Retains 10% of profits to cover unexpected expenses.

3. Cooperatives

A grouping of people with common interests or needs.

3.1 Features

  • Equal rights and obligations for all members.
  • Free and open membership.
  • Membership requires active participation; profits are distributed proportionally.

3.2 Membership Types

  • Cooperative Member: Minimum 3 people (16+ years); capital and labor defined by statutes.
  • Employee: Contracted by the cooperative; cannot exceed 10% of total staff.
  • Adherent: Temporary members; capital contribution cannot exceed 33% of total partner contributions.

3.3 Social Bodies

  1. General Assembly: Composed of all members to reach agreements.
  2. Board: Manages the cooperative; formed by 3 members.
  3. Speakers: Review accounting; usually a maximum of 3 members.
  4. Resources Committee: Responsible for resolving conflicts between partners.

4. Non-Commercial Societies

4.1 Community of Goods (Comunidad de Bienes)

  • Definition: Minimum of 2 people pooling assets.
  • Naming: Must include 'CB'.
  • Liability: Unlimited.
  • Taxation: Personal Income Tax (IRPF).

4.2 Civil Society (Sociedad Civil)

  • Definition: People pooling goods and money to divide profits.
  • Liability: Unlimited.
  • Minimum: 2 partners.
  • Taxation: Personal Income Tax (IRPF).
  • Naming: Must include 'SC'.

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