Bourbon Centralization: The Nueva Planta Decrees Explained

The Nueva Planta Decrees and Bourbon Centralization

The following points outline the taxation and institutional changes imposed on the Principality of Catalonia:

• Taxation and Oversight: The court became a primary oversight body under military control. A Captain General, under the direct command of the King, replaced the figure of the Viceroy as the kingdoms of the monarchy were converted into provinces. The Permanent Deputation of the Catalan Courts was dissolved, and all traditional institutions of the Principality, such as the Viceroy and Councilmen, were abolished.
• Linguistic Shift: The Castilian language was established as the official language of the Court and all administrative documents.
• Economic Control: The management of economic issues was transferred to the new Intendant (Mayor), a position reporting directly to the monarchy.
• Military and Social Reform: All armed groups with questionable loyalty to the monarchy were dissolved. Furthermore, the distinction between foreign nationals inhabiting different realms of the monarchy was eliminated.

The Bourbon Centralization Model

The Bourbon model was designed to centralize power under the King, who was assisted by the Secretary of State. These officials met at the Supreme Council of State, while the decentralized system of the Habsburgs was largely dismantled. The Council of Castile remained, responsible for the administration of the kingdom and justice, though the King remained the final authority. The Council of State declined in power, reducing the influence of the aristocracy in state politics, and the Parliament of the Kingdom was created primarily for the swearing-in of the heir to the Crown.

Administrative Reorganization of the Crown of Aragon

The decrees forced the integration of Aragon, Valencia, Catalonia, and Mallorca into the Castilian administrative framework. The ancient viceregal system of the Crown of Aragon was replaced by a provincial government structure:

• Provincial Division: Territories were divided into districts governed by mayors and aldermen appointed directly by the King, ensuring strict control over local governments.
• Key Administrative Figures:
  • Captain General: Replaced the Viceroy as the highest political and military authority.
  • Audiencia (Courts): Administered justice on behalf of the King.
  • Intendant (Mayor): Responsible for managing the Army and tax collection.