Analyzing Text Adequacy and Rhetorical Strategies

Comment Guidelines for Text Adequacy

The author is typically a journalist (reporting as a regular contributor) or a writer who demonstrates deep knowledge of the subject. They present the reality of the topic as an expert, a broadcaster, a commentator on current events, or a cultural and scientific popularizer. Often socially committed, the author provides data, references, and reflections to support their claims.

The text is often expressed through first-person verbs, determiners, and pronouns, revealing a sensitive, ironic, hard, reflective, serious, or comprehensive and tolerant attitude toward the subject matter.

Subjectivity and Linguistic Traits

As an opinion piece, the text demonstrates subjectivity and modalizes speech through various linguistic and stylistic traits:

• Valuation: The use of adjectives, adverbs, and other expressions of evaluation.
• Sentence Forms: Beyond declarative sentences, the author employs exclamatory, doubting, questioning, and wishful forms.
• Linguistic Marks: The use of specific markers such as "hopefully," "maybe," and "probably."

Literary and Stylistic Devices

The text is crafted to draw stylistic attention to the message, giving it a literaturized character. This is achieved through:

• The employment of irony and figurative language.
• The presence of metaphors, similes, and metonymy.
• The use of personification, antithesis, and parallelism.
• The application of literary adjectives.

The Communication Process: Sender and Receiver

Sender Identity and Social Role

• Identity: This includes the age and sex of the author, and whether they are present or anonymous.
• Real Sender: The actual author of the message and their understood grasp of the issue.
• Social Role: Whether the author writes as a friend, a citizen, or a specialist.
• Polyphony: The inclusion of other voices to reinforce the author's ideas.
• Registration: How the speaker changes their register based on the situation.
• Grammatical Presence: The author's presence in the text and the use of irony or puns.

Receiver and Audience Model

• Identity: Whether the receiver is an individual or a collective, including their education level and social class.
• Ideal Receiver: The person who actually receives and understands the message.
• Receptor Model: The specific receiver envisioned by the issuer.
• Social Role: The receiver's role as a public official, friend, or relative.
• Presence: How the receiver is addressed or manifested within the text.

Key Features of Communication

Expressive and Appellative Functions

• Expressive Function: Transmitting ideas or feelings reflected in modalization. This includes the use of the first person, possessive determiners, adjectives, exclamations, questions, and expressions of affection.
• Appellative Function: Calling the attention of the receiver or instructing them to act. This is achieved through imperatives, exclamations, questions, and verbal periphrasis.

Knowledge, Context, and Intent

Encyclopaedic Knowledge and Intertextuality

This refers to phrases or fragments taken from other texts that appear within the work to reinforce an idea or to entertain the reader.

Context

The specific place, time, and recent events that accompany the act of communication.

Modalization and Verbal Periphrasis

These are verbal structures that indicate different levels of certainty or necessity:

• Obligation: e.g., "must improve."
• Possibility: e.g., "can come about thirty."
• Doubt: e.g., "must enter."

Intentionality

The specific intention of the sender during the act of communication.