The 17th Century: Political, Social and Scientific Shifts

XVII Century

Caracteristic: Political, social and economic aspects. S disastrous a century (there was a crisis), because of the plague, the European war of 30 years who was d Catholics against Protestants. Highlights the Baroque (Velazquez, Rembrandt ...). Culturalment golden highlights and rev. Scientific

P. Interior: monarkia authoritarian (Austria, r.Hispanicos, est. German ...) and absolute. It occurs in France by King Louis XIV. In this monarkia, power is held by the monarch, the king is more important is above the law. Theorists M. Absolute: Leviathan Thomas Hobbes writes that the man did not harm himself or Bossuet. / / Political liberalism: It is for 1st time in England by John Locke, he said that society had the power (sovereignty). The society organizes making a covenant (pactista society), the constitution, where they were rulers and ruled. He power delegated Society No rulers. Power is distributed and shared. Crean's powers: Legislative (Lords and Commons), Executive (King and minister) and Judicial (judges).

There were revolutions -> 1st Rev.: The parliament opposed the king and his head cut off. Crommwell made a dictatorship / / 2nd Rev (Glorious British) ruled in 1608 James II, who wanted to be absolute but was Catholic. Reveals parliament and expelled him. 1 impose liberalism and then go searching for a king.

Economy: It was bad, disastrous. The main causes were: War 30 years / fiscal pressure (higher taxes) / arrived less treasures of America / prices rose / mercantilist system (imported raw materials). No country loose m. Then there was raw colonial empires -> Imp Spanish, Portuguese, Netherlands ...

Foreign Policy: War of 30 years (1618-48). It is the most important (but not the only one) ends up as a religious conflict. They send emissaries to Prague and there was a defenestration. The Emperor decides to bomb Prague. In 1648 out of sheer weariness war ends and gives way to the Peace of Westphalia. There was religious freedom for alemanes.Holanda became independent states and leads to the decline of Hapsburg. France continues to struggle with Spain in 1658 to k peace of the Pyrenees.

Society: is a stratified society, as in the s. XVI.

-Rev. Cientifica: It turns a lot for the Christian religion will be the est

-Galileo Galilei: k says the earth revolves around the sun, is the heliocentric theory, the inquisition was made up and gives you two choices: first, k if he followed with his theory punishable by flames and the second was to retracted. Chose the second

-Rationalism: Rene Descartes is a mathematician, rational knowledge bases "The metdo" k was a book of discards. The method said that he had to doubt everything (methodical doubt), "I think and therefore I am".

-Empiricism: Newton had an empirical knowledge that said they had first to look at second think a thesis and finally experience.