Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Sport and physical education for Secondary education

Scoring a Point

A team scores a point in the following ways:

• By successfully grounding the ball on the opponent’s court.
• When the opponent team commits a fault.
• When the opponent team receives a penalty.

Faults and Penalties

Defining a Fault

A team commits a fault by making a playing action contrary to the rules.

• If two or more faults are committed successively, only the first one is counted.
• If two or more faults are committed by opponents simultaneously, a Double Fault is called, and the rally is replayed.

The Rally

A rally is the sequence of playing actions from the moment of the service hit by the server until the ball is out of play. A completed rally is the sequence of playing actions which results in the award of a point.

• If the serving team wins

Warm-Up

Exercises are always performed before physical activity or sports to adapt the body progressively to further effort. Warming up means carrying out physical exercises that will help the body to adapt to a subsequent task involving greater exertion.

Why Warm Up?

• Avoids muscle injuries.
• Increases joint movement.
• Facilitates cardiorespiratory adaptation.
• Delays fatigue.
• Helps reduce stiffness.
• Facilitates mental preparation.

General Warm-Up

Warming up can be broken down into a general stage and a specific one. The purpose of the first stage is to get all the parts of the body moving for the following activity, and to loosen up and go faster without feeling too tired. It usually begins with running at low or moderate speed and doing stretching and...

Handball Player Restrictions and Fouls

Players are subject to the following restrictions and are not allowed to:

1. Hold the ball for more than 3 seconds.
2. Touch the ball with any part of the leg below the knee, including their feet, unless the ball has been deliberately thrown at them.
3. Touch the ball more than once consecutively unless the ball touches the ground, touches another player, touches the goal, or is fumbled.
4. Intentionally play the ball over the sideline or goal line; however, the goalie may block a shot out of bounds.
5. Field players are not allowed to dive for a ball that is on the ground. Only the goalie is allowed to dive for the ball, and they must be within their goal area.
6. Engage in Passive Play, which occurs when a team tries to stall

SPORT VERBS

Verbs

• Be disqualified
• Be knocked out (eliminated)
• Boo off (abuchear)
• Carry on (seguir)
• Cheer on (animar)
• Dive (into) (bucear)
• Drop out (abandonar)
• Get through (superar)
• Give up (rendirse)
• Qualify
• Sign up
• Take part in
• Train (entrenar)

Other Verbs

• Chase (after) (perseguir)
• Climb (up/along)
• Crawl (through) (gatear)
• Cross (over)
• Get (over) (superar)
• Jog (round)
• Jump
• March (along) (marchar)
• Ski (down)
• Skip (omitir)
• Swim (through)
• Walk (over)

KEEPING FIT

Verbs

• Become a member
• Bulk up
• Enrol (inscribirse)
• Enter
• Feel unwell
• Get into shape (ponerse en forma)
• Get together
• Go on a diet
• Join (unirse)
• Keep fit
• Lose weight (perder peso)
• Make an appointment
• Put on weight (engordarse)
• Stop smoking
• Take supplements
• Take up (empezar)

Nouns

• Champion
• Championship
• Competition
• Competitor
• Crowd (multitud)

Basketball: Rules, Techniques, and Gameplay

Objective

The object of the game is to get the ball into the other team's basket. Depending on the part of the court, you score 1, 2, or 3 points. The team that scores the most points wins the match.

Game Structure

The game is played in four 10-minute quarters controlled by a game clock, with a 10-minute half-time break between the second and third quarters. The five players on each team can be substituted as needed. Two referees apply the rules while umpires time the game and record the fouls.

Rules

Relating to Time Situations:

• When a team has possession of the ball, they have 8 seconds to get to the opposing team's side of the court and 24 seconds to try and get a shot in.
• No more than 5 seconds can be

Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan in Massachusetts, USA. William G. Morgan, a physical education teacher at the Massachusetts YMCA, spent time with J. Naismith, the creator of basketball, although he thought basketball was unsuitable for all students. So, using tennis as a basis, he designed a non-contact team sport that was fun, involved minimal risk of injury, and could be played by anyone. Originally named mintonette, it later came to be known as volleyball.

Object of the Game

The object of the game is to ground the ball on the opponent’s side of the net or to get them to hit the ball out of the court. Each time this happens, a point is won.

The ball is 65 cm in circumference and weighs 260 g. It should pass over the net...

Warm-up Exercises

Introduction

Warm-up exercises are a series of organized, methodical, and progressive movements designed to prepare your body for optimal performance and injury prevention. These exercises ensure suitable quality and safety during subsequent activities. Warm-ups are categorized into three types:

• General Warm-up: Moderate exercises that prepare muscles for generic physical activity.
• Specific Warm-up: Targeted exercises for specific muscle groups used in a particular sport or activity.
• Muscle Warm-up: Exercises for therapeutic effect or general fitness.

Effects of Warm-up

A proper warm-up yields several positive effects:

• Increased body temperature
• Improved muscle tone
• Elevated heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate
• Increased blood

Basketball: Origins and Global Development

Basketball originated in a U.S. school in 1891. Its promoter was James Naismith, a sports instructor at the YMCA in Springfield. Naismith specified the 13 basic rules of basketball, emphasizing the speed of scoring and the spectacular nature of the game. Women's basketball began in 1892 at Smith College. The sport quickly spread throughout the United States and Canada, achieving Olympic status in 1936. Globally, basketball is regulated by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). While FIBA governs the sport worldwide, leagues like Spain's ACB, featuring teams such as Real Madrid and Estudiantes, represent some of the highest categories of professional play.

Dribbling: Essential Ball Advancement

Dribbling...

Introduction to Vocabulary Expansion

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A-D Vocabulary Terms

Ornament

Repair, decoration, dressing, dress.

Fork

Division, diversion, separation.

Expletive

Jibe, insult, invective.

Reproof

Oppugn, counter, attack.

Conspicuous

Illustrious, eminent, prestigious, notable, renowned, famous.

Incompatibility

Divergence, disagreement, discrepancy.

Laudable

Praiseworthy, plausible, praise.

Bachelor

• Unmarried man: bachelor, solterón.
• Misogamist: enemy of marriage.

Catastrophe / Disaster

Dismal, ominous, unfortunate, tragic.

Consort

Married, spouse.

Obsolete

Old, aged, decrepit, durable, years, draft, senile.

Imminent

• Near/Urgent: urgent, next, soon.
• Extended/Away: extended, away.
• Required: obligatory.

Derision

Ridicule, pitorreo,

Handball Rules of Play and Essential Techniques

1. Game Duration Regulations

A match is played in two periods, each 30 minutes long, with a 120 minute break. The clock is not stopped when the ball leaves the court.

2. Ball Handling Violations

When a player violates these rules, their team loses possession of the ball. Violations include:

• A player takes more than three steps holding the ball without bouncing it.
• Touching the ball with the hand, without bouncing it, several times in a row, or holding it for more than 3 seconds.
• Bouncing the ball, catching it with both hands, and then proceeding to bounce it again (a double dribble).
• Touching the ball with the knees or elbow.
• Entering the goal area to obtain an advantage.

3. Player Contact Regulations

A...