Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Music for Secondary education

Charlemagne

Charlemagne, son of Pepin and Bertrada, continued his father's policy to consolidate power. He actively promoted Christianity, believing himself called by God to spread the Christian faith worldwide.

The Eastern Schism

The year 1054 marks the separation between the Eastern and Western Churches. In reality, the root causes of this separation were long-standing tensions between the Patriarchs of the East and the Bishop of Rome.

The Western Schism

In the year 1377, Pope Gregory XI returned to Rome and died there shortly after. The cardinals elected Pope Urban VI, but a group of French cardinals then elected Clement VII. Mutually, both popes excommunicated each other. Western Christianity was divided, with obedience split between one pope...

Poetry Terms and Devices: Analyzing Poems Step by Step

1. Basic Poetry Terms

• Speaker: The voice telling the poem (not always the poet).

• Stanza: A group of lines, like a paragraph.

• Theme: The main message or lesson.

• Tone: The speaker's attitude (angry, happy, sad).

• Mood: The feeling created in the reader.

• Imagery: Description using the five senses.

• Diction: Word choice.

• Symbolism: Something that represents a bigger idea (dove = peace).

• Allusion: A reference to something famous (Romeo = romantic love).

2. Sound Devices

• Alliteration: Repeated beginning consonant sounds (Silly snakes slither).

• Assonance: Repeated vowel sounds (Rain in Spain).

• Consonance: Repeated consonant sounds (Blank, think, tank).

• Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate sounds (Bang, buzz).

• Repetition:

Musical Piece Descriptions

1. Lied: Starts with aggressive piano playing. A man singing opera comes in later, then it goes back to only piano for a brief period.
2. Lied: Soft and slow piano to start. A man singing opera in German, with elongated singing. Super slow piano playing.
3. Lied: Starts with soft piano, a girl singing opera comes in soon.
4. Parlor Song: Piano starts slow. A girl singing "Beautiful Dreamer."
5. Character Piece: Soft, high piano playing to start. Slows down then speeds up again, repeated. The piano gets a little louder. No singing.
6. Nocturne: Loud piano playing, slow playing. Gets quick 45 seconds in. Still calm sounding, but fast. No singing.
7. Etude: Super fast piano playing. Super aggressive then pause, then super aggressive again. Slamming

BALLET:

-Court ballet (17th): became popular in the seventeenth century in the court of France's King Louis XIV.

-Simple choreographies because dancers were in general nobles who were dressed with court costumes.

-Played the music were baroque orchestras, famous person J.B. Lully.

-Romantic ballet (19th): type of dance as classical because of its high quality or standard.

-Innovative and complex choreographies performed by professional dancers. These ballets were story ballets.

-The scores were sophisticated and performed by large symphony orchestras.

-Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky (1840-1893).

-Modern and contemporary ballet (20th): More complex, innovative and abstract choreographies with a wider variety of movements.

-Costumes are varied and...

Romantic Opera

Opera was very important during Romanticism.

The most important opera style was Opera Buffa. There are three important countries and composers associated with this era.

Italy: Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1904)

Although conservatory teachers considered him too old to be taught music, despite having accepted him, Verdi became one of the most successful opera composers of all time. Important Operas: Rigoletto, Baile de Máscaras (Un ballo in maschera).

Traviata

Traviata means 'the lost one.' Violetta loves Alfredo, but they do not have money. Violetta gets sick and leaves Alfredo because she thinks she is a burden to him. Alfredo is sad and angry because he does not know why Violetta left him. Alfredo and Violetta argue, and Alfredo humiliates...

Renaissance Music: 1400 to 1600

The Renaissance is a French term meaning rebirth. This period, spanning from 1400 to 1600, saw a revival of interest in ancient culture, specifically ancient Greece and Rome. Humanism emerged, giving humanity a central place in the universe.

The invention of the printing press by Gutenberg helped spread musical scores. The Protestant Reformation, led by Martin Luther, created the choral, which is a homophonic religious song in German accompanied by an organ. Anglicanism featured the Simple Song, a polyphonic work for religious services. The Counter-Reformation was the reaction of the Catholic Church against the Protestants.

Religious and Secular Vocal Forms

• Mass: A polyphonic work performed a cappella.
• Motet: A short

The Billionaire Dream: Wealth, Impact, and Aspirations

Chorus

I wanna be a billionaire so fuckin' bad
Buy all of the things I never had
I wanna be on the cover of Forbes magazine
Smiling next to Oprah and the Queen

Pre-Chorus

Oh, every time I close my eyes
I see my name in shining lights, yeah
A different city every night
Oh, I, I swear the world better prepare
For when I'm a billionaire

Verse 1

Yeah, I would have a show like Oprah, I would be the host of
Everyday Christmas, give Travie a wish list
I'd probably pull an Angelina and Brad Pitt
And adopt a bunch of babies that ain't never had shit
Give away a few Mercedes like, "Here lady, have this"
And last, but not least, grant somebody their last wish
It's been a couple months that I've been single,...

Musicians

They have a maximum play time & minimum fees for different types & length of performance.

Set times

When you plan an event/entertainment you must know that the standard play time is 40 mins before taking a break. Breaks should last no longer than 15-20mins. It also depends on the vibrancy of the preceding performance.

Cover bands

What is a dance band? Dance bands are otherwise known as variety bands/cover bands. They perform top dance hits that your wedding party guests/corporate event audience will enjoy.

Musicians & vocalists

Versatile & play everything from jazz, soul, motown, disco, R&B, blues, pop, contemporary, swing, to current dance music hits. A dance band will typically include male and female vocalists, a saxophone,...

18th Century British Arts

Architecture in the Augustan Age

Arts relate themselves to aesthetic, political, ethical, and educational codes. For Christopher Wren, the arts expressed the national spirit:

“Architecture has its political uses: Public Buildings being the Ornament of a Country; it establishes a Nation, draws People and Commerce; makes the People love their native Country, which Passion is the Original of all great Actions in a Commonwealth.”

The churches of Augustan architecture represent a considerable body of religious art for a Protestant community. Knowledge of the arts was indispensable to the educated person of the age, and the idea of the Grand Tour was also important.

Notable architectural successes of this Augustan age include:...