Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Music for Baccalaureate

Literary Periods and Traditions

Early Cultural Divisions

• Phase Arc: Anonymous art, anomalous worship, and the traditional division between conventionally educated and religious ceremonial folk.
• Cult TV: Exclusion of religious ceremonial folk.
• Reclassification: Standards of text structuring.

Classical and Pre-Baroque Phases

• Classical Phase:
  • Economic Idealism: Supreme values.
  • Aristotelianism: Dominance of reason and rationalism.
• Pre-Baroque: Hypercritical formalism.

Post-Classical or Baroque Period

The Post-Classical or Baroque period is characterized by hypercritical, dramatic, and disharmonious irrationalism, with classic and Baroque works often alternating.

Medieval Literary Traditions

Mester de Juglaría

This tradition, influenced by Germanic, Visigothic,...

**Literary Devices**

• Alliteration: The repetition of the same sounds.
• Anaphora: The repetition of a word or words at the beginning of each line or each prayer.
• Paronomasia: Aesthetic appeal is achieved by placing near paronym words and, almost always, alliteration.
• Epanadiplosis: Repeating the same word at the beginning and end of a verse, or a syntactic period, in prose.
• Hyperbaton: Disturbing the logic of the sentence.
• Parallelism: Repetition of syntactic structures or similar elements.
• Concatenation: When a syntactic structure starts with the same word that completed the previous structure.
• Metaphor: An identification that leads from the concrete and visual to the abstract and transcendent.
• Metaphorical language: Establishing an identity between

National Conservatory of Art (1919) and Galician Drama School (1922)

Armando Cotarelo Valladores

Two variants:

• Popular Theatre: Created in the 1930s by emigrants. Aimed to instill pride and sentiment among Galician people, avoiding alienation.
• Varela Buxán (Justice Sailor D1): Created the Comp. d VB.

Cultural Developments

Incorporated new modern techniques into intellectual content. Examples include:

• E. Amor (Farsas and Puppet Theatre, Theatre for the People)
• Luís Seoane (A Soldadeira)
• Wind Choído, XL Franco Grande (The Innkeeper Auto)
• Manuel Mª (Auto Prisoner)
• Ricardo Carballo Calero (The Snake, The Revolt)
• Álvaro Cunqueiro (The Uncertain Nor is Don Hamlet - recreation)
• B. Graña (20 Thousand Pesos Crime - Ruhr drama)

Groups involved:

• Group Dawn (Ernesto

Life and Legacy of Josep Maria de Sagarra

Josep Maria de Sagarra spent his childhood on a farmstead in Santa Coloma de Gramenet, where he first came into contact with nature. In 1913, he won the Englantina d'Or at the Floral Games of Barcelona for his poem Joan de l'Os.

Early Success and Major Literary Works

His name began to gain recognition following his Englantina d'Or win. This success was followed by the warm reception of his First Book of Poems (1914) and The Evil Hunter (1915). His play Rondalla de Marrec (1917) premiered at the Romea Theatre, and he even published a novel, Paulina Buxareu, in 1919.

The success and popularity he reached at an early age continued to grow, especially because his production diversified across all genres, using...

Morphosyntactic Resources

• Anaphora: Repetition of a word at the beginning of each verse.
• Parallelism: Repetition of structures.
• Anadiplosis: Repetition of the last word at the end and beginning of a verse.
• Concatenation: Several anadiplosis in a row.
• Epanadiplosis: Repetition of a word at the beginning and end of the verse.
• Pun: Repetition of words by reversing the order.
• Chiasmus: Repetition in which there is a cross-distribution of elements in the same structure.
• Hyperbaton: Changing the natural order of a sentence.
• Pun: Repetition of words that sound alike, and at least one of which is composed of two terms.
• Epithet: Adjective that expresses a quality of the accompanying noun.
• Pleonasm: Redundancy through repetition, i.e., adding unnecessary terms.

Sixteenth-Century Literature: A New Conception of Life

Sixteenth-century literature: a new conception of life emerges in which the new conception of man is promoted by humanists. The admiration for the classical world involves a new conception of life that puts man at the center, replacing medieval theocentrism with human-centered values. The traditional scale gives way to a homocentric Renaissance worldview. The human being becomes essential; the world is seen differently. Rather than seeing pleasure as the highest end, human nature is considered a source of goodness, and the intelligence of man is viewed as sufficient unto itself. The investigation of nature becomes a challenge.

All these developments result in a collective optimism, fueled...

Religious Theater Cycles and Drama Types

The most important theater cycles include the Passion of the Lord, the Assumption of the Virgin, and the Procession of Corpus Christi.

The Christmas Cycle

• The Shepherds: A representation of Jesus featuring Sibyl pastors.
• Cant: A reminder performed on the ranch.

The Easter Series

• Les Passions: Works that capture the passion, death, and resurrection of Christ.

Cycle of the Assumption of Mary

• The Mystery of Elche: A significant dramatization of the Assumption.

The Procession of Corpus Christi

This cycle involves various art forms including dance and "hors d'oeuvres." These are representations of biblical topics often referred to as Castles Rocks.

The Mystery of Elche (15th Century)

This is the dramatization of the...

Analyzing Santa Maria Strela Do Dia (Cantigas de Santa Maria)

Rhythmic Structure and Tempo

The piece features a fast tempo, characterized by a quadruple meter (4/4 time).

Transcription and Historical Context

Higinio Anglés (1888–1969), a distinguished Spanish musicologist, undertook the monumental task of transcribing all the Cantigas de Santa Maria, along with other medieval songs. He translated the medieval square and rhomboid notation found in the original manuscripts into modern musical notation (music theory).

Anglés conducted three separate studies on the Cantigas, analyzing each line of notes observed in the score individually.

Melodic Characteristics

The melody is modal. It utilizes both syllabic and melismatic singing styles, although...

Literatura del Siglo XVI: El Renacimiento

Lirismo y Corrientes Poéticas

En el siglo XVI coexistieron tres corrientes principales:

• Poesía cancioneril: Con un tono culto y predominio del octosílabo.
• Poesía tradicional: Romances y canciones líricas de gran difusión oral.
• Poesía italianizante: Toma a Petrarca como el modelo más representativo de la lírica renacentista.

Forma y Estructura

El endecasílabo sustituye al octosílabo y se cultivan estrofas como el soneto, los tercetos encadenados, entre otras.

Temas Principales

• Amor: Ennoblece al enamorado. Se presenta como un amor idealizado, a menudo no correspondido, que produce insatisfacción, melancolía, honor y tristeza.
• Naturaleza: Símbolo de vida idealizada, utilizada como escenario bucólico

1.1 Theatre Music

Theatre music is the music used to accompany a performance, whether for the theatre, opera, or any other stage production. It sets the scene and transmits sensations that differ according to the scenes it represents.

Historical Background

Theatrical performances, the ancestors of opera, were not always held in theatres. Their development continuously offered more theatrical and musical possibilities.

1.2 The Birth of Opera

The origin of opera can be found in the Camerata Fiorentina, which began in Florence, Italy, at the end of the 16th century. It was a group of poets, musicians, singers, and cultured nobles who met to discuss music. The Camerata decided to emulate the Greek classics; they chose a mythological topic, wrote the...