Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Law for Primary education

PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY OFFENSES:

Designed to protect the general public by dealing with behavior that is not necessarily morally wrong but nonetheless affects the peace and safety of the community.

BREACH OF PEACE

At C/L any voluntary action that disturbed a community’s peace without lawful justification or excuse was considered a crime.

UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY

• ROUT – NJ 2C:33-1b unlawful assembly
• RIOT – NJ 2C:33-1 unlawful assembly
• DISORDERLY CONDUCT – not a crime at C/L .341

N.J.S.A. 2C:33-2, which proscribes disorderly conduct, provides:

• Improper behavior. A person is guilty of a petty disorderly persons offense, if with purpose to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating risk thereof he
• Engages in fighting or threatening,

Personal Property Classification

Personal Property

1. Goods. Are moveable, tangible property whose value depends upon its physical characteristics.
2. Intangibles. Are comprised of choses in action, like accounts and other contract rights, and certain miscellaneous rights such as informational rights and those protected by a patent, trademark, or copyright law.
3. Indispensable Paper.
   • The right itself, such as an obligation to pay money, is intangible, but with these types of property, the right is embodied in the writing, and the writing is tangible.
   • Its value does not lie in its physical characteristics but in the rights embodied in the paper.
   • The mechanism used to transfer the rights is physical delivery to the transferee of the paper itself, because the

• Westminster Model: parliamentary sovereignty and supremacy of UK. Makes parliament the supreme legal authority, which can create or end any law
  • Fusion of powers: executive/legislative branches together; PM is head
• Backbenchers: rank and file MP’s of the majority party not part of the gov. or the opposition; sit in rows of benches behind their party’s spokesperson
• Shadow Cabinet: opposition; sits across the majority party; designated replacement
• Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990): conservative, moving away from corporatist interest groups and from welfare, wanted privatization/Thatcherism/Neoliberalism
  • Bully authoritarianism/austerity; no to labor unions, created social divides
  • Took Keynesianism to monetarism (many permanent changes)
• Whips: MP of the

Consumer Rights and Protection

The Right to be informed: - You have the benefit of receiving accurate information

- Consumer make wise decisions only if they have the information they need

The Right to choose

- Consumer have a variety of goods and services

- Business compete to sell the product and services to consumers

The right to Safety:

- You have the right to products that are safe to use

- Federal laws ensure that clothing, food, toys and other items

The right to be heard:

- Consumers who have complaints about products or services have a right to be heard

- Business rely on consumer satisfaction

To have problems corrected:

You can take a defective item back to the store with a receipt, some businesses replace it or issue a refund.

You can go to a...

Evolution of EU Treaties

Each relevant or incorporating a new member joins the club that introduced changes in international treaties:

• Single European Act of 1986
• • EU Treaty of Maastricht, 1992
  • 1997 European Treaty
  • Treaty of Nice, 2001

A text called the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, a constitutional treaty, was presented in Rome in 2004. The treaty was very important because it was submitted to a referendum of what was then the EU (18 states). The referendum had limited participation because the text was very complex.

In other states, it was also submitted to a referendum. It was going well until the French and Dutch votes resulted in negative outcomes. The text could not enter into force as it needed an affirmative vote from all members...

Professional Radio Communication Standards

General Service Requirements

• The broadcasting service is strictly confidential.
• Do not use communication channels for personal or non-service-related issues.

Radio Transmission Protocols (Speaking Rules)

Speaking protocols must adhere to the following rules:

• Microphone Positioning: Position the microphone correctly, approximately 10 cm from the mouth.
• Transmission Protocol: The transmission protocol (call sign/signal) must be appropriate for each situation.
• Vocalization: Speak loudly, clearly, without screaming, and vocalize distinctly.
• Message Planning: Plan the message before speaking. If in doubt, write it down before transmission.
• Keywords: Use standard communication keywords correctly: Attention, Over,

Limited Liability Companies (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada) are businesses created to have fewer partners, often maintaining a family character.

Key Features of Limited Liability Companies

According to Law 2/1995, both limited liability companies and anonymous (public limited) companies can be established with only one partner or more. The responsibility of the partners is limited to the capital contributed.

Capital Requirements and Share Structure

The capital is divided into shares, which are equally cumulative and indivisible. These shares represent the capital of a limited liability company; they cannot be joined, are not negotiable, and are not freely transferable. The minimum capital must be €3,005.06 and must be fully subscribed...

Answer to Complaint

I, Ismael Cordova Conde, by my own right, designating as my address for receiving notifications House West Fourth Street 345, this city, respectfully appear before you to state:

Being within the prescribed period, I hereby answer the complaint filed against me as follows:

• I deny the plaintiff's right to demand the dissolution of the marriage bond that unites us.
• I deny the plaintiff's right to demand payment of the expenses and costs of this lawsuit.

I base this response on the facts and legal grounds detailed below:

Facts of the Case

1. It is true that the plaintiff and the undersigned were married on the date specified by the applicant, under the regime of conjugal partnership.
2. It is true that the matrimonial home is located at

Null and Void Administrative Acts

62. Null and void.

1. Acts of public authorities are null and void in the following cases:

• Those that infringe the rights and freedoms subject to constitutional protection.
• Acts dictated by a manifestly incompetent organ by reason of the subject or territory.
• Those having impossible content.
• Those establishing a criminal offense or issued as a result of one.
• Acts completely and utterly ignoring the legally established procedures or rules containing the essential rules for the formation of the will of collegiate bodies.
• Express or alleged acts contrary to law by which powers or rights are acquired when the prerequisites for their acquisition are lacking.
• Any other as expressly set forth in a provision of legal status.

26.The Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Criminal suspects must be informed of their Right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination Prior to questioning by the police.

27.The Supreme Court in the case United States v. Richard Nixon (1974) ruled that Nixon must

Give up evidence but he refused

28.As president, Jimmy Carter called for a foreign Policy that stressed the importance of

Human Rights

What Have scientists discovered about the DNA structure?

It is unique and it can be used to solve issues.

30.In 1992, severe rioting In Los Angeles began in response to the

Verdict in the trial of the police in the Rodney king beating

31.In 1979, the United States responded to the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan...