Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Language and literature

The newspaper articles are those whose primary purpose is to report on events and topics of general interest. These texts are contained in so-called mass media, ie print and oral media. 1.Claridad journalese CHARACTERISTICS: informative style avoids ambiguous expressions, of jargon, buzzwords, complex words or sentences too long. A simple lexicon and a well-ordered sentences short and medium to help the reader understand the text. 2.Concisión: Brevity is a key feature at a time with this volume of information. However, we must not confuse brevity with brevedad3.Objetividad all information should be treated with the utmost objectivity. The presence or evaluative preposed adjectives is a sure sign of subjectivism in the treatment of such information...

The Role of Transportation in Business Operations

A robust transportation system is essential to fully support business activities at all stages of production and the overall business process. Every stage requires the support of reliable means of transport.

Venezuelan Transport Networks: Sea, Air, and Ground

The geographical location of Venezuela, situated north of South America, provides access to an interesting network of air and sea communications.

Maritime Transport and Shipping Lines

Venezuela operates with its own shipping line, which serves most of the ports, facilitating international trade.

Air Transport Connectivity

Regarding air transport, the country has several airlines, including Santa Barbara, Aserca, LAI, Avior, and Aeropostal. These...

The Voice Due to You: A Poetic Analysis

The Voice Due to You is a long poem of love in which the poet seeks the beloved beyond the real world. The real world and the beloved are denied by the poet to create an ideal image of womanhood. The beloved becomes a pure concept. The author reduces the lovers to the self and is therefore known as the poet of pronouns.

The entire book is based on these concepts because, as a married person, the poet had to hide the identity of another individual. Furthermore, he believed that love is much easier and simpler when based only on two subjects that complement each other. He breaks all orthodox scores and substantive grammatical categories; he uses metaphors whose symbolism is an accomplice to the structure...

• Overlap: There is no pause between two lines.
• Alliteration: Repetition of a sound or a number equal.
• Onomatopoeia: Imitation of sounds of reality.
• Similicadencia: Based resource use two or more words in a verse.
• Paronomasia: "Sold to me as sold."
• Pleonasm: Adding unnecessarily or redundant words.
• Epithet: Adjective which expresses the quality and included in the substantive.
• Ellipsis: Deleted unnecessary words.
• Asyndeton: Copulative conjunctions are deleted.
• Polysyndeton: Repeated conjunctions that are not needed.
• Anaphora: Repeat one or more words at the beginning of several lines.
• Epiphora: Repeat one or more words at the end.
• Epanadiplosis: Consists of repeating a word at the beginning and end.
• Anadiplosis: What I let go / all throw.
• Parallelism: The

New Narrative Techniques

• Multiple Narrators: Stories told from different points of view.
• Structural Changes: Chapters are replaced by sequences; open-ended conclusions.
• Counterpoint: Novels consisting of several intertwined stories.
• Non-linear Space-Time: Time is not linear, often utilizing flashbacks.
• Stylistic Freedom: Greater flexibility in prose and structure.

Literary Links and Influences

Various writers served as bridges between traditional and new literary styles:

• Antonio Tovar: Focused on social intent and intimate themes (e.g., "Vicinity", "No").
• Manuel Cuña: Associated with the "New Fabulary" and the emergence of new poetry.
• Luz Pozo Garza: Known for "Autumn Concerto" and "Codex Calixtinus", emphasizing cultural intimacy.

The Minerva Holidays

Literary Analysis of Los Santos Inocentes

Los Santos Inocentes was written by Miguel Delibes in 1981, focusing on the themes of estates and chieftaincy in 1960s Castile. The novel serves as a moral denunciation of the feudal state of vassalage that persisted in these estates as a remnant of the past.

The text in question belongs to (-------------------), a book that speaks of (--------------------------).

Narrative Perspectives

The language used by the author varies based on the narrator's position:

• Narrator-chord: Identifies with the characters using an oral language base.
• Narrator-witness: The author remains detached from the action but stays close to the events being narrated.

In this text, we have a narrator (---------------------------). The...

Textual Analysis: Structure and Organization

Regarding the structure, the subject is presented clearly. The arguments are supported by various resources, including:

• Comparison
• Figures of speech: questioning, irony, enumeration, and refutation
• Lexical evaluative devices: hyperbole
• Sociolinguistics: linguistic prejudices and identity

Appropriateness and Journalistic Context

This opinion article belongs to the field of journalism and functions as an argumentative text. The author's purpose is to inform the reader using a standard written register. The text is dominated by enunciative sentences, making the representative function predominant. We also observe the expressive function through:

• Rhetorical questions
• Exclamations
• Evaluative lexis (adjectives)

Regarding...

Key Points and Literary Works

1. The War of the Worlds by Bryan Haskin: This story illustrates how a radio broadcast, intended as a joke, caused widespread panic. It claimed that Martians were invading Earth, leading to injuries and suicides. This highlights the significant influence of media on social and everyday life.
2. Pseudonyms and Nicknames: The frequent use of pseudonyms, aliases, and nicknames in literature and media.
3. Inclination: This refers to a thematic preference, similar to a recurring motif.
4. Belisa Crepusculario by Isabel Allende: This story features a woman who sells words at varying prices. She utilizes a form of oral communication and even composes love letters, showcasing the power of language.
5. The Things Seen by Jorge Teillier: This

THEME
is learning history through story and show episodes and incidents that happen to Lazarus. Most of them are of folk and are subordinate to the character, intending to show personality formation process of Lazarus and serve as an explanation to the final state of dishonor to which it arrives. Other issues are hunger, hypocrisy, false honor, poverty, human-solidarity or begging.
OBRA
consists of a prologue and seven treaties that form variable extension letter to unknown person, who is appealing to treat your grace, which tries to justify his case, a situation of shame.
- First three treaties, more extensive and elaborate, describe adventures of lazaro child. Themes that unite them are hungry and cunning.
- From a man treated Lazarus...

Smoking in Pubs? Answer Key

Comprehension (4 Points)

• a) 1) Because their intolerance towards smokers would be censured (line 7).
• 2) Because they were afraid they would become an overprotective state (line 11).
• b) 3) False. The government is going to forbid smoking in all pubs (line 1). (Note: lines 2-3 are also acceptable).
• 4) False. They are examining plans to allow a "smoking-carriage option" (line 4).
• 5) False. The government had been worried about being accused of discriminating against smokers, particularly working-class Labour voters (lines 6-7).
• 6) True. Smoking-related diseases kill more than 100,000 people a year and cost the National Health Service millions of pounds treating people with such diseases (lines 12-13).

Use of English (3 Points)