Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for English for Secondary education

English Grammar Practice Exercises

Verb Tenses

• I haven't seen Dan for ages.
• Marcus has been learning French for years.
• How long did you get?
• I haven't been swimming; the last time I swam was months ago.
• Shakespeare died 400 years ago.
• It's over; we haven't met for a long time.
• They haven't spoken for a while.
• Sally has been living in London.
• The bank had already closed.
• John left after he had blown the whistle.
• Look, it is going to rain.
• I'm sure he will have left by then.
• You can wait; he will be waiting for you.
• It's been ages since I last saw you.

Conditionals

• I haven't helped Patrick unless he arranges it.
• If you press the button, the mixer starts.
• I only wouldn't have told you if I knew.
• If I were you, I would do it.
• I wouldn't have been there otherwise.
• The

English Verb Tenses and Aspects

1. Present Continuous

Structure: Am/is/are + verb + -ing

• You are watching TV. (Affirmative)
• Are you watching TV? (Question)
• You are not watching TV. (Negative)

2. Simple Past

Structure (Regular Verbs): Verb + -ed

• You called him. (Affirmative)
• Did you call him? (Question)
• You did not call him. (Negative)

3. Past Continuous

Structure: Was/were + verb + -ing

• You were studying. (Affirmative)
• Were you studying? (Question)
• You weren’t studying. (Negative)

4. Perfect Tenses

Past Perfect

Structure: Had + Past Participle (V3)

• You had studied. (Affirmative)
• Had you studied? (Question)
• You hadn’t studied. (Negative)

Present Perfect Continuous

Structure: Has/have + been + verb + -ing

• You have been waiting. (Affirmative)
• Have you been waiting?

Essential Irregular Verbs List

• Bend: bent, bent
• Bite: bit, bitten
• Bet: bet, bet
• Bleed: bled, bled
• Blow: blew, blown (blowing)
• Break: broke, broken
• Bring: brought, brought
• Build: built, built (building)
• Burn: burnt, burnt
• Buy: bought, bought
• Catch: caught, caught
• Dig: dug, dug
• Draw: drew, drawn
• Dream: dreamt, dreamt
• Fall: fell, fallen
• Feed: fed, fed
• Feel: felt, felt
• Fight: fought, fought
• Find: found, found
• Fly: flew, flown (flying)
• Freeze: froze, frozen
• Get: got, got
• Grow: grew, grown
• Hang: hung, hung
• Hear: heard, heard
• Hide: hid, hidden
• Hit: hit, hit
• Hold: held, held
• Hurt: hurt, hurt
• Keep: kept, kept
• Know: knew, known
• Lay: laid, laid (to extend)
• Lead: led, led (leading)
• Learn: learnt, learnt
• Leave: left, left (leaving)
• Lend: lent, lent
• Let: let, let (permit)
• Lie: lay, lain (recline)

The Campisabalos Festival

I live in Campisabalos. The Campisabalos festival is from the 18th to the 19th of July. In my village's festival, my friends and my family, we all come together and celebrate it.

During the day, we play football with players from other villages close to mine. There are football championship winners. At night, music bands play, so we dance and have fun. We go to bed late. To finish, everybody eats together and says "bye-bye" to the festival until the next year. THE END.

An Invitation to Niko

Dear Niko, please come to Campisabalos. I live there. The Campisabalos festival is from the 18th to the 19th of July. In my village's festival, my friends and my family, we all come together and celebrate it.

During the day, we play...

Tautology: needless words but expressive value - "I saw with my own eyes"

Epithet: unnecessary adjective that is implied, for emphasis "pine green

Irony: states or suggests the opposite of what they say - "eat a meal eternal, without beginning or end"

Hyperbaton: reverse the order of the words - "the room in the dark angle"

Circumlocution: indicate a person or thing with a roundup of words - "was the blossoming season of the year"

Synecdoche: assign a broader common content - "has 20 springs"

Lyrical speaker: to be speaking in the poem

Declarative: when the speaker is telling a story almost 1 st and 3 rd. - "Beautiful, Margarita, the sea and the wind carries a subtle scent of orange blossom your breath"

Apostrophe: a speaker addresses a "you"...

Objects in a House:

• Sofa
• Table
• Cupboard
• Bed
• Chair
• Bath
• Wardrobe
• Fridge
• Computer
• Lamp
• Coat Rack
• Pictures

Describe Your Bedroom:
My bedroom is big, has a cupboard, and simultaneously, the bed is made. To the left, there is an office where I keep my books and my things. Next to it, there is a piece of furniture where the karaoke machine and television are located, and below are the movies that I have. To the side is the cupboard where I store my clothes, and it also holds my slippers. There are several felt items scattered around.
Describe Your Home:
My house is not very big, but it is cozy. At the door from the street, there is a small corridor leading to the kitchen. Next to the kitchen and the corridor is the lounge. Then, there is another corridor...

Family Vocabulary

• Immediate Family: Mother, father, sister, brother, wife, husband, daughter, son, child, parents, partner, twin.
• Extended Family: Aunt, uncle, grandmother, grandfather, granddaughter, grandson, niece, nephew, cousin.

School Terminology

Key School Items and Concepts

• Class, exam, book, teacher, homework, notes, exercise, laboratory, room.
• PE (Physical Education).

Home and Location Vocabulary

Objects and Rooms

• Furniture: Table, chair, sofa, lamp, desk, picture, chest of drawers, bookcase, mirror, bed, wardrobe.
• Appliances: Washing machine, microwave.
• Rooms: Kitchen, dining room, living room, bedroom, bathroom.
• Fixtures: Bath, cupboard.

Prepositions of Place

• Next to, in front of, near/close, under, on.

Live Events and Milestones

• Be born, buy a

The Benefits of Using a Head Torch

For one thing, I don't like running or cycling in the dark. With a head torch, you feel safe because drivers can see you.

It is also great for camping, as I discovered last year on a school camping trip. It was dark and windy when we arrived at the campsite. Jamie and I had head torches, and we put our tent up in exactly five minutes. 15 minutes later, even the teachers were having problems with theirs. As you can imagine, it is difficult to put a tent up in the dark when you are holding torches in your mouth while trying to set up. My head torch was also really useful for cooking in the evening on that camping trip, and it was even more useful for eating in the dark—like the night two huge spiders dropped...

Expository Text Characteristics

Expository texts are intended to convey precise knowledge of a subject. They generally feature two types of structural properties:

• Coherence: Addresses a topic and develops it through one or more main ideas that are ordered and related to each other.
• Cohesion: Forms a network of related concepts using lexical and grammatical tools:

Linguistic Cohesion Tools

• Lexical: Repetition helps the reader understand and follow the information appearing in the text.
• Substitution: Avoids excessive repetition of the same grammatical terms.
• Syntactic Order: Sentences should be logically ordered.
• Conjunctions: Connectors link sentences and paragraphs to organize the text.

Structural Summarization Methods

• Schema: Contains main ideas and

SIXTH FORM:Studying sixth form has advantages but also disadvantages. Students think that they can get a better future job studying sixth form. However, is this really true?

On the one hand, this is the best option for university. In addition students are treated more like an adult. Besides, students have more freedom because nobody cares if you're late once or if your phone goes off (as long as you switch it off) Moreover, students aren’t forced to do subjects they hate because you specialize.

On the other hand, students need to choose the right courses depending on what they want to do further on. In addition students have to study much earlier for an exam (they shouldn’t expect an A if they revised the night before).

In short, although...