Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Computer science

Scene 1:

• Everyone shows up in a round table with computers thinking on what is the new game they will create.

• Poster: Brainstorm of ideas

• Carla: What game should we create now?

• Andrea: We can create a city!

• Bernardo: Yes! Let’s create a game that allows creating and simulating the life of your own avatar.

• Ines: That will be perfect! We can design clothes and accessories for the avatars

• Cuesta: That is a great idea, and it will not take too much time to code.

• Carla: We can also adapt the game so people can play using their smartphones.

• Everyone: Great let's call it... BIM’S!

Scene 2:

• Cuesta: You sit down in front of a computer and start typing codes. Let’s start with the coding

  • Question to Bernardo: Bernardo, do you remember the coding of how to make

Unit 12: Web Vocabulary & CMS Comparison

Vocabulary

1. Scripting languages — interpreted.
2. Get out stuff.
3. Browser-encoded docs.
4. Programming model: dataflow.
5. Architecture underlying.
6. Retrieve: Shift key.
7. Relieves infrastructure.
8. Message board: online discussion.
9. Responsive web design — viewed response.
10. Spreadsheet: financial planning.

Language Focus

1

1. The program will prompt you with a message if you try to exit the setup program.
2. If the system detects installed devices, the driver's menu will show the available device drivers.
3. You can change the value of a field if the item is configurable.
4. If any of the components are defective, the problem will usually show up in the burn-in process.
5. If this utility finds there is missing software, it lists the missing

Discuss the advantages of address aggregation (summarization) with respect to routing table size, routing update exchange, and routing optimization?

Route aggregation and subnetting shrink the size of routing tables used by routers. Without CIDR, a router must maintain many individual entries for routes within the same network. CIDR guarantees more efficient routing and reduces the number of CPU cycles when updating a routing table. It also reduces router memory requirements.

What are the key characteristics or requirements that should be fulfilled by any routing protocol?

A routing protocol should guarantee loop-free paths, calculate multi-hop optimal paths, use simple or composite network metrics, be scalable, converge rapidly, use network resources...

◦ Performs an action if a condition is true and performs a different action if the condition is false.

◦ Double-selection statement—selects between two different actions (or groups of actions).

}switch statement

◦ Performs one of several actions, based on the value of an expression.

◦ Multiple-selection statement—selects among many different actions (or groups of actions).

Iteration Statements in Java

}Four iteration statements (also called iteration statements or looping statements)

◦ Perform statements repeatedly while a loop-continuation condition remains true.

}

while and for statements perform the action(s) in their bodies zero or more times

◦ if the loop-continuation condition is initially false, the body will not execute.

}The do…while...

What is a software and what is a good software?

A software is a program on a computer which contains information and data. A good software is the one that fulfills the needs and hasn’t got bugs.

Software vs Hardware

Software: not touchable, variable and implemented in order to achieve goals. Hardware: invariable

SOFTWARE ETHICS:

• Confidentiality - Not telling the others because they can copy.
• Competence - To know what you’re doing.
• Intellectual property rights - not steal others ideas because it’s not moral.
• Computer misuse - don’t do things that you are not allowed to.
• Stuxnet: virus that will destroy softwares and hardwares.

SOFTWARE EVALUATION PROCESS:

• Specification: What do I need?
• Development: The programmer does it.
• Validation: Does it work?

Information Processing

Companies collect data continuously from suppliers, clients, partners, etc., but this information is not very valuable unless it is properly classified and updated.

Information processing is a set of operations performed with the information obtained from different sources and includes the following stages:

Information Search > Classification > Selection > Interpretation & Presentation

Information Search

When collecting information, companies may choose to obtain it directly (called internal information) or from third parties (external information). In both cases, the source of information is primary when it is obtained first-hand from direct contact, or it can be secondary when it is collected from other sources....

A programming language is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely. Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, with many more being created every year. Most programming languages describe computation in an imperative style, i.e., as a sequence of commands.

Requirements and Objectives

A computer programming language is a language used to write computer programs, which involve a computer performing some kind of computation or algorithm and possibly control external devices such as printers, disk drives,...

Programming Language Fundamentals

A programming language is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely. Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, with many more being created every year. Most programming languages describe computation in an imperative style, i.e., as a sequence of commands.

Requirements and Objectives of a Programming Language

1. Function and Target

A computer programming language is a language used to write computer programs, which involve a computer performing some kind of computation...

KDD-- CRISP-DM = business understanding, data understanding, data prep, modeling, evaluation, deployment-- KDD- selection, preprocessing, transformation, mining, interp/eval-- classification = most frequently used, machine learning (supervised), output is nominal or ordinal categorical in nature -- assessment methods = predictive accuracy, speed, robustnest, scalability, interpretability-- confusion matrix formulae = accuracy = (TP + TN)/(TP+TN+FP+FN); true positive rate = (TP)/(TP+FN); true negative = TN/(TN+FP); precision = (TP)/(TP+FP); recall = (TP)/(TP+FN) -- overfitting = excessively complex model, can give bad predictions, underfitting- too flexible, also gives bad predictions-- k-fold cross validation- split data into k mutually exclusive...

Transition Phase

The transition phase is entered when a baseline is mature. A usable subset of the system has been built with acceptable quality levels and user documentation. It can be deployed to the user community.

• For some projects, the transition phase marks the starting point for another version of the software system.
• For other projects, the transition phase signifies the complete delivery of the software system to a third party responsible for operation, maintenance, and enhancement.

Objectives of the Transition Phase

• Achieve user independence (users can support themselves).
• Ensure the deployment baseline is complete and consistent with the criteria in the project agreement.
• Ensure the final baseline can be built as rapidly and cost-effectively